Basic Examples

Let's start with simple examples of Goboscript syntax.

# This is a single-line comment

# Numbers
var integer = 42;        # Integer
var float_num = 3.14;    # Float
var binary = 0b1010;     # Binary (value: 10)
var hex = 0xFF;          # Hexadecimal (value: 255)
var octal = 0o777;       # Octal (value: 511)

# Strings
var greeting = "Hello, World!";
var escaped = "Quotes: \"example\"";
var unicode = "\u1234";  # Unicode character

# Booleans
var flag = true;         # Will be compiled as 1
var not_flag = false;    # Will be compiled as 0

Variables and Operators

# Variable declaration and assignment
x = 10;
y = 20;
sum = x + y;         # Addition: 30
diff = x - y;        # Subtraction: -10
product = x * y;     # Multiplication: 200
quotient = y / x;    # Division: 2
floor_div = y // x;  # Floor division: 2
remainder = y % x;   # Modulo: 0
text = "Hello" & " World"; # String concatenation: "Hello World"

# Compound assignment
x += 5;                  # x = x + 5
y -= 3;                  # y = y - 3
product *= 2;            # product = product * 2
quotient /= 4;           # quotient = quotient / 4
text &= "!";             # text = text & "!"

# Comparison operators
is_equal = x == y;   # Equal to
not_equal = x != y;  # Not equal to
greater = x > y;     # Greater than
less = x < y;        # Less than
greater_equal = x >= y; # Greater than or equal to
less_equal = x <= y;    # Less than or equal to

# Logical operators
both = x > 0 and y > 0;  # Logical AND
either = x > 0 or y < 0; # Logical OR
inverse = not x > 0;     # Logical NOT

Control Flow

condition = true;
x = 10;

# Simple if statement
if x > 5 {
    say "x is greater than 5";
}

# If-else statement
if x % 2 == 0 {
    say "x is even";
} else {
    say "x is odd";
}

# If-elif-else statement
if x < 0 {
    say "x is negative";
} elif x == 0 {
    say "x is zero";
} else {
    say "x is positive";
}

# Boolean coercion
if timer() {  # Equivalent to: if timer() == 1
    say "Timer is active";
}

Loops

# Repeat loop (fixed number of iterations)
repeat 5 {
    say "Repeated message";
}

# Repeat with counter
var i = 1;
repeat 10 {
    say "Iteration " & i;
    i++;
}

# Until loop (continues until condition is true)
var counter = 0;
until counter > 5 {
    say "Counter: " & counter;
    counter++;
}

# Forever loop (infinite loop)
forever {
    say "Press stop to exit";
    if key space pressed? {
        stop_this_script;
    }
}

Functions and Procedures

Procedures

# Define a procedure
proc greet_user {
    say "Hello, user!";
}

# Procedure with parameters
proc personalized_greeting name {
    say "Hello, " & $name & "!";
}

# Procedure with local variables
proc calculate_sum a, b {
    local result = $a + $b;
    say "Sum: " & result;
}

onflag {
    # Call procedures
    greet_user;
    personalized_greeting "John";
    calculate_sum 5, 10;
}

Functions

Functions are similar to procedures but return values.

# Define a function
func add(x, y) {
    return $x + $y;
}

# Function with type
func create_greeting(name) {
    return "Hello, " & $name & "!";
}

onflag {
    message = create_greeting("World");
    say message;  # Outputs: "Hello, World!"
}

Data Structures

Lists

# Declare an empty list
list my_list;

# Add items to a list
add "apple" to my_list;
add "banana" to my_list;
add "cherry" to my_list;

# Access list items (1-indexed)
first_item = my_list[1];  # "apple"

# Replace items
my_list[2] = "blueberry";     # Replace "banana" with "blueberry"

# Insert at position
insert "apricot" at my_list[1]; # Insert at the beginning

# Delete an item
delete my_list[3];

# Check length
size = length my_list;

# Check if an item is in the list
if "cherry" in my_list {
    say "Found cherry!";
}

# Get random item
random_fruit = my_list["random"];

# Clear the list
delete my_list;

# Load list from file
list data = file ```data.txt```;

Structures and Enums

# Define a struct
struct Point {
    x,
    y
}

# Create a struct instance
Point p = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };

# Access struct fields
say "Coordinates: " & p.x & ", " & p.y;

# Define an enum
enum Direction {
    North,  # 0
    East,   # 1
    South,  # 2
    West    # 3
}

# Use enum values
current_direction = Direction.North;
if current_direction == Direction.North {
    say "Heading north";
}

# Enum with explicit values
enum Color {
    Red = "red",
    Green = "green",
    Blue = "blue"
}

say "Selected color: " & Color.Red;